必修: 硬件

系統部件
輸入設備
輸出設備
網絡設備
電腦系統




系統部件
CPU

• 電腦的大腦，負責所有運算
• 速度單位: Hz，表示每秒運行的週期數目 
• 結構: CLICK HERE

主記憶體:

%3CmxGraphModel%3E%3Croot%3E%3CmxCell%20id%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3CmxCell%20id%3D%221%22%20parent%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3CmxCell%20id%3D%222%22%20value%3D%22CPU%22%20style%3D%22rounded%3D0%3BwhiteSpace%3Dwrap%3Bhtml%3D1%3B%22%20vertex%3D%221%22%20parent%3D%221%22%3E%3CmxGeometry%20x%3D%2240%22%20y%3D%2280%22%20width%3D%22120%22%20height%3D%2260%22%20as%3D%22geometry%22%2F%3E%3C%2FmxCell%3E%3CmxCell%20id%3D%223%22%20value%3D%22%E5%AF%84%E5%AD%98%E5%99%A8%26lt%3Bbr%26gt%3BRegister%26lt%3Bbr%26gt%3B%22%20style%3D%22whiteSpace%3Dwrap%3Bhtml%3D1%3Baspect%3Dfixed%3B%22%20vertex%3D%221%22%20parent%3D%221%22%3E%3CmxGeometry%20x%3D%22190%22%20y%3D%2270%22%20width%3D%2280%22%20height%3D%2280%22%20as%3D%22geometry%22%2F%3E%3C%2FmxCell%3E%3CmxCell%20id%3D%224%22%20value%3D%22L2%20Cache%26lt%3Bbr%26gt%3B%E5%BF%AB%E5%8F%96%E8%A8%98%E6%86%B6%E9%AB%94%26lt%3Bbr%26gt%3B%22%20style%3D%22whiteSpace%3Dwrap%3Bhtml%3D1%3Baspect%3Dfixed%3B%22%20vertex%3D%221%22%20parent%3D%221%22%3E%3CmxGeometry%20x%3D%22295%22%20y%3D%2250%22%20width%3D%22120%22%20height%3D%22120%22%20as%3D%22geometry%22%2F%3E%3C%2FmxCell%3E%3CmxCell%20id%3D%225%22%20value%3D%22RAM%26lt%3Bbr%26gt%3B%E9%9A%A8%E6%A9%9F%E5%AD%98%E5%8F%96%E8%A8%98%E6%86%B6%E9%AB%94%26lt%3Bbr%26gt%3B%22%20style%3D%22whiteSpace%3Dwrap%3Bhtml%3D1%3Baspect%3Dfixed%3B%22%20vertex%3D%221%22%20parent%3D%221%22%3E%3CmxGeometry%20x%3D%22450%22%20y%3D%2220%22%20width%3D%22180%22%20height%3D%22180%22%20as%3D%22geometry%22%2F%3E%3C%2FmxCell%3E%3CmxCell%20id%3D%226%22%20value%3D%22Harddisk%26lt%3Bbr%26gt%3B%E7%A1%AC%E7%A2%9F%26lt%3Bbr%26gt%3B%22%20style%3D%22whiteSpace%3Dwrap%3Bhtml%3D1%3Baspect%3Dfixed%3B%22%20vertex%3D%221%22%20parent%3D%221%22%3E%3CmxGeometry%20x%3D%22390%22%20y%3D%22240%22%20width%3D%22300%22%20height%3D%22300%22%20as%3D%22geometry%22%2F%3E%3C%2FmxCell%3E%3CmxCell%20id%3D%227%22%20value%3D%22%22%20style%3D%22endArrow%3Dclassic%3BstartArrow%3Dclassic%3Bhtml%3D1%3BexitX%3D1%3BexitY%3D0.5%3BexitDx%3D0%3BexitDy%3D0%3B%22%20edge%3D%221%22%20source%3D%222%22%20parent%3D%221%22%3E%3CmxGeometry%20width%3D%2250%22%20height%3D%2250%22%20relative%3D%221%22%20as%3D%22geometry%22%3E%3CmxPoint%20x%3D%22160%22%20y%3D%22135%22%20as%3D%22sourcePoint%22%2F%3E%3CmxPoint%20x%3D%22190%22%20y%3D%22110%22%20as%3D%22targetPoint%22%2F%3E%3C%2FmxGeometry%3E%3C%2FmxCell%3E%3CmxCell%20id%3D%228%22%20value%3D%22%22%20style%3D%22endArrow%3Dclassic%3BstartArrow%3Dclassic%3Bhtml%3D1%3BexitX%3D0%3BexitY%3D0.5%3BexitDx%3D0%3BexitDy%3D0%3B%22%20edge%3D%221%22%20source%3D%224%22%20parent%3D%221%22%3E%3CmxGeometry%20width%3D%2250%22%20height%3D%2250%22%20relative%3D%221%22%20as%3D%22geometry%22%3E%3CmxPoint%20x%3D%22170%22%20y%3D%22120%22%20as%3D%22sourcePoint%22%2F%3E%3CmxPoint%20x%3D%22270%22%20y%3D%22110%22%20as%3D%22targetPoint%22%2F%3E%3C%2FmxGeometry%3E%3C%2FmxCell%3E%3CmxCell%20id%3D%229%22%20value%3D%22%22%20style%3D%22endArrow%3Dclassic%3BstartArrow%3Dclassic%3Bhtml%3D1%3BexitX%3D0%3BexitY%3D0.5%3BexitDx%3D0%3BexitDy%3D0%3B%22%20edge%3D%221%22%20source%3D%225%22%20parent%3D%221%22%3E%3CmxGeometry%20width%3D%2250%22%20height%3D%2250%22%20relative%3D%221%22%20as%3D%22geometry%22%3E%3CmxPoint%20x%3D%22180%22%20y%3D%22130%22%20as%3D%22sourcePoint%22%2F%3E%3CmxPoint%20x%3D%22420%22%20y%3D%22110%22%20as%3D%22targetPoint%22%2F%3E%3C%2FmxGeometry%3E%3C%2FmxCell%3E%3CmxCell%20id%3D%2210%22%20value%3D%22%22%20style%3D%22endArrow%3Dclassic%3BstartArrow%3Dclassic%3Bhtml%3D1%3BexitX%3D0.5%3BexitY%3D0%3BexitDx%3D0%3BexitDy%3D0%3BentryX%3D0.5%3BentryY%3D1%3BentryDx%3D0%3BentryDy%3D0%3B%22%20edge%3D%221%22%20source%3D%226%22%20target%3D%225%22%20parent%3D%221%22%3E%3CmxGeometry%20width%3D%2250%22%20height%3D%2250%22%20relative%3D%221%22%20as%3D%22geometry%22%3E%3CmxPoint%20x%3D%22500%22%20y%3D%22250%22%20as%3D%22sourcePoint%22%2F%3E%3CmxPoint%20x%3D%22550%22%20y%3D%22200%22%20as%3D%22targetPoint%22%2F%3E%3C%2FmxGeometry%3E%3C%2FmxCell%3E%3C%2Froot%3E%3C%2FmxGraphModel%3E

• RAM - 隨機寄取記憶體
• 可以讀取，可以寫入
• 資料關機後消失
• ROM - 唯獨記憶體
• 只可讀取，不可寫入
• 資料永久保存
• 儲存開機必須的指令 
• 快取記憶體 - 快取記憶體
• 位於CPU入的暫存記憶
• 速度最高, 容量小

RAM


ROM




主機板:
BIOS
CMOS



輸入設備

• 輸入裝置是一種電腦硬件
• 向電腦提供數據和控制訊號。[1]
• 鍵盤、滑鼠、掃描器、數碼相機、遊戲手柄等都是輸入裝置。

輸出設備

• 輸出裝置是一種電腦硬件
• 從電腦輸出數據或進行動作。[1]
• 打印機、投影機、顯示屏、揚聲器等都是輸出裝置。

貯存設備

• 永久保存數據
• 從電腦輸出數據或進行動作。[1]
• 軟碟、光碟 (CD / DVD / Bluray)、硬碟、USB快閃記憶體
• 傳統硬碟 vs SSD固態硬碟
• 傳統硬碟每GB的成本較低，容量較大
• SSD沒有移動部份，攜帶較易
• SSD體積和重量較小
• NAS 網絡硬碟

網絡設備

• 不同網絡設備提供電腦的通訊功能
• 常見的連接方法：網絡線，同軸電纜，光纖電纜，無線連接
• 設備
• 轉發器 - 加大資料傳送距離
• 集線器 - 增加連接裝置的數目 (增加連接的主機數目)
• 橋接器 - 連接兩個不同的網絡 (網絡須為相同類型: LAN連接LAN)
• 交換器 - 連接多個不同的網絡 (網絡須為相同類型: LAN連接LAN)
• 路由器 - 連接不同類型的網絡 (LAN連接WAN)
• 家用路由器 (路由交換器)
• 網絡卡
• 無網網絡卡
• 數據機

電腦系統